Thermoelectric effect

The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa via a thermocouple. A thermoelectric device creates voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely, when a voltage is applied to it, it creates a temperature difference.

On the measurement-scale of everyday life, a thermoelectric device creates a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. A general theory of non-equilibrium is beyond our means, suffice it to say that Lars Onsager, with a paper entitled Reciprocal relations in irreversible processes induced some fundamental insights as late .

When two metals are placed in electric contact, electrons flow out of the one in which the electrons are less bound and into the other. The reverse phenomenon, where . In the 1years before the world wars thermoelectricity was discovered and developed in western Europe by academic scientists, with much of the activity centered in Berlin. Whilst it is generally accepted that there are only three thermoelectric effects , it is in fact possible to describe four. There are a number of techniques to achieve refrigeration, each with attributes that allow optimal usage for specific applications. In addition to energy efficiency, criteria such as footprint, noise, and reliability determine the specific choice of cooling technique.

Studying the thermoelectric effect in DNA is important for unravelling charge transport mechanisms and for developing relevant applications of DNA molecules.

Here we report a study of the thermoelectric effect in single DNA molecules. By varying the molecular length and sequence, we tune the charge . We use a split top gate to induce doping of opposite signs in different parts of a graphene field- effect transistor, thereby effectively forming a graphene thermocouple. The thermocouple is sensitive to the electronic temperature in graphene, which can be several hundred kelvin higher than the ambient one at . Authors: Nianduan Lu, Ling Li and Ming Liu. Induced heating and cooling at the two junctions due to mismatch. Reversible by reversing the direction of current flow.

William Thomson, Lord Kelvin. Heat energy: Any kind of cooling of a hot body involves energy flow to a colder environment. Starting from the first steam engines it has been a major challenge to convert heat flow into a maximum of work.

We predict an enormous order-dependent quantum enhancement of thermoelectric effects in the vicinity of higher-order interferences in the transmission spectrum of a nanoscale junction. Single-molecule junctions based on 3′-biphenyl and polyphenyl ether (PPE) are investigated in detail. Heat resources of small temperature difference are easily accessible, free and enormous on the Earth.

Thermoelectric effects provide the technology for converting these heat resources directly into electricity. We present designs for electricity generators based on thermoelectric effects that utilize heat resources of small .

Abstract: Employing quasiclassical theory of superconductivity combined with Keldysh technique we investigate large thermoelectric effect in multiterminal ballistic normal-superconducting (NS) hybrid structures. We argue that this effect is caused by electron-hole asymmetry generated by coherent Andreev . Thermoelectric materials have drawn vast attentions for centuries, because thermoelectric effects enable direct conversion between thermal and electrical energy, thus providing an alternative for power generation and refrigeration. This review summaries the thermoelectric phenomena, applications and parameter . Define thermoelectric effect. English dictionary definition of thermoelectric effect.

Controlling the thermoelectric effect by mechanical manipulation of the electron's quantum phase in atomic junctions. Aiba A(1), Demir F(2)(3), Kaneko S(1), Fujii S(1), Nishino T(1), Tsukagoshi K(4), Saffarzadeh A(2)(5), Kirczenow G(6), Kiguchi M(7). In fact, the thermoelectric patterned graphene device represented in Fig.

Herein, we reported a simple way of forming thermoelectric anisotropy in a single piece of Bi-Sb-Te compound by partial doping of Ag elements. Seebeck effect, Peltier effect.